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Failure to Identify HIV-Infected Individuals in a Clinical Trial Using a Single HIV Rapid Test for Screening
Conclusions: In clinical trials, HIV infections can be missed for a variety of reasons. Using more than one assay to screen for HIV infection may reduce the number of missed infections.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 62-68DOI 10.1310/hct1502-62Authors
Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MarylandJessica M. Fogel, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MarylandOliver Laeyendecker, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MarylandShauna Wolf, Depa...
Source: HIV Clinical Trials - April 7, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Clinical Trials Source Type: research
Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies
Purpose of review
The purpose is to recall some of the key immunological elements that are at the crossroad and need to be combined for developing a potent therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine.
Recent findings
Therapeutic vaccines and cytokines have been commonly used to enhance and/or recall preexisting HIV-1 specific cell-mediated immune responses aiming to suppress virus replication. While the vaccine is important to stimulate HIV-1 specific T-cell responses, the cytokine may support the expansion of the stimulated virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the current success of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy render the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research
Cell exhaustion in HIV-1 infection: role of suppressor cells
Purpose of review: Suppressor cells regulate immune responses during chronic viral infection by limiting immunopathology associated with inflammation and immune activation. This dampening of adaptive immune responses can be harmful in HIV-1 infection as it also prevents the immune system from clearing the virus, leading to viral persistence and prolonged antigen expression that often leads to immune exhaustion. A current priority is to find the best strategy to target and manipulate key molecules such as CD39 that suppress anti-HIV-1 immune responses.
Recent findings: New suppressor cell subsets and cellular markers have b...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - September 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CELL EXHAUSTION IN HIV-1 INFECTION: Edited by Daniel E. Kaufmann and Nabila Seddiki Source Type: research
Cancer in adolescents and young adults living with HIV
Purpose of review
Adults living with HIV have an increased risk of malignancy yet there is little data for adolescents and young adults. We reviewed recently published cancer epidemiology, treatment, and outcome data for adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) aged 10 to less than 25 years between 2016 and 2017.
Recent findings
AYALHIV are at increased risk of developing cancer compared to their uninfected peers. Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur most frequently with variation by geographical region. Increased cancer risk is associated with HIV-related immunosuppression and coinfection with ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - May 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ADOLESCENTS AND HIV: Edited by Mary-Ann Davies and Elizabeth Hamlyn Source Type: research
The 30-year fight against HIV
Since its identification as the cause of Aids in 1984, scientists have made major advancements in tackling virus1984 Retrovirus is discovered as cause of Aids and later named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV.1986 Clinical trials show that HIV patients taking AZT (azidothymidine), an antiretroviral drug initially developed as a cancer therapy, were living longer than those who did not. AZT is shown to manage, but not cure, HIV and reduce the rates of mother-to-child infection in pregnancy.1987 The US FDA approves AZT as the first antiretroviral to be used as a treatment for Aids.1995 Jeff Getty, Aids activist, becomes th...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - March 3, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Caroline Davies Tags: The Guardian News Health Medical research Aids and HIV Society Source Type: news
Glycodendrimers as new tools in the search for effective anti-HIV DC-based immunotherapies
Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC), which play a major role in development of cell-mediated immunity, represent opportunities to develop novel anti-HIV vaccines. Dendrimers have been proposed as new carriers to ameliorate DC antigen loading and in this way, we have determined the potential use of maltose decorated neutrally and positively charged G4 glycodendrimers. Thus, immunostimulatory properties of these glycodendrimers on human DC were evaluated in the context of HIV infection. We have demonstrated that DC treated with glycodendrimers were fully functional with respect to viability, maturation and HIV-derived antigens up...
Source: Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine - March 18, 2013 Category: Nanotechnology Authors: E. Vacas Córdoba, M. Pion, B. Rasines, D. Filippini, H. Komber, M. Ionov, M. Bryszewska, D. Appelhans, M.A. Muñoz-Fernández Tags: Immunology, Dendritic Cell Modulation, HIV, Maltose Functionalized Dendrimer Source Type: research
Primary Care Concerns for the Aging Population With HIV
This article summarizes a presentation by Steven C. Johnson, MD, at the International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) virtual HIV course Aging and HIV: Issues, Screening, and Management in Individuals with HIV as They Age in June 2021.PMID:34856095
Source: Topics in HIV Medicine - December 2, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Steve C Johnson Source Type: research
The Future of HIV Treatment Might Not Involve Pills
HIV treatments have come a long way in the more than 30 years since the virus was first identified.
Powerful antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can now keep the virus controlled at levels that current tests cannot detect in the blood. Perhaps just as important, people who take these drugs diligently soon after they’re infected are unlikely to pass the virus to others. But the treatment isn’t perfect. Those with HIV need to take a pill every day for the rest of their lives, and even if they do, the virus can easily morph to become resistant to the drugs. That’s why patients on ARV treatment should faithfully moni...
Source: TIME: Health - December 1, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized healthytime HIV/AIDS onetime Source Type: news
Trump Wants to End HIV Within 10 Years. Here ’s What That Would Take, According to Experts
About 1.1 million Americans currently live with HIV, and approximately 40,000 are infected each year, according to federal data. But in his State of the Union address, President Donald Trump promised to “eliminate the HIV epidemic in the United States within 10 years” — a plan that hinges on a multi-agency push for better diagnosis, treatment and prevention in at-risk communities, health officials said Wednesday.
Trump introduced the plan during his annual address on Tuesday but offered few details. Health officials fleshed out the plan during a call with reporters on Wednesday.
The initiative will be ove...
Source: TIME: Health - February 6, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Jamie Ducharme Tags: Uncategorized healthytime HIV/AIDS onetime Source Type: news
Global HIV/AIDS Fight Is At a Crossroads After COVID-19 Setbacks
Hard-won progress against HIV has stalled, putting millions of lives at risk, according to an alarming report Wednesday on how the COVID-19 pandemic and other global crises are jeopardizing efforts to end AIDS.
Worldwide, the years-long decline in new HIV infections is leveling off. Worse, cases began climbing in parts of Asia and the Pacific where they previously had been falling, according to the United Nations agency leading the global AIDS fight.
The number of people on lifesaving HIV treatments grew more slowly last year than it has in a decade. Inequities are widening. Every two minutes last year, a teen girl or youn...
Source: TIME: Health - July 28, 2022 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Lauran Neergaard/AP Tags: Uncategorized healthscienceclimate HIV/AIDS Public Health wire Source Type: news
